1. The biggest law making assembly of India is Parliament, which constitutes President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha.
2. The Parliamentary Set up of India is like British and it is located in New Delhi.
3. Edwin Lutens and Herbert Bakes are the architects who designed the model of Parliament. The stone laying for the inauguration of constructing parliament was made in 1921 February 12. The construction was completed in 1927 January 18 after 6 years.
4. The inauguration of parliament building was made by the then Indian Viceroy, Lord Irwin. The area of Parliament compound is about 6 Acres. There are 12 doors for entry into the parliament. The central hall is located in the middle of parliament mandir. It was in central hall, the transfer of british governance to Indians took place and was in 1947 August 15.
5. The area of Lok Sabha Hall in Parliament is 446 square meter. The seats in lok sabha are arranged in the manner of Horse Shed. There are around 550 seats for the members of Lok Sabha. The floor is covered with green color carpet in Lok Sabha. The members of  ruling party is seated in right side, whereas opposition party members is seated in left side of Lok Sabha.
6. Red colored carpet is covered in the floors of Rajya Sabha. There are around 250 seats for the members in Rajya Sabha. The seats in Rajya Sabha are arranged in the manner of Semi Circle.
7. The members of Rajya Sabha were elected directly by the people. The duration of each member of Lok Sabha is five years. The meeting in Lok Sabha is organized once between six months. Speaker is the chairperson of Lok Sabha.
8. President can arrange the joined meeting of both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
9. Lok Sabha Speaker is the chairperson of joined meeting of both members of Lok Sabha and Parliament. The minimum age for becoming the member of Lok Sabha is 25. Only president has the power to dismiss the assembly of Lok Sabha. GV Mavlanger is the first Lok Sabha speaker of parliament.
10. Proterm Speaker is the chairperson of first meeting of newly elected Lok Sabha members. Normally the person having high age among the elected members is appointed as Pro-term Speaker.
11. President would appoint the Proterm Speaker.
12. Deputy Speaker is the assistant chairperson of Lok Sabha.
13. Anantha Shayanam Iyengar is the first Lok Sabha Deputy Speaker. Budgets were presented in Lok Sabha.
14. The total members of Lok Sabha can accommodate is 552. Currently there are 545 members in Lok Sabha.
15. President will nominate two Anglo Indians for each Lok Sabha Assembly.
16. Lok Sabha came into existence in 1952 April 17. The first meeting was conducted in 1952 May 13. Rajya Sabha is the continuous assembly of Parliament and it cannot be dismissed. Six years is the duration of each Rajya Sabha assembly.
17. The total members of Rajya Sabha are 250. Of these 250 members, 12 members were nominated by the president. It was in 1952 April 3, Rajya Sabha came into existence.

President of India:

1. President is considered as the first citizen of Nation. One has to complete his 35 years of age for becoming President. Five years is the period of President. President is considered as the national leader for all defense army including militant, navel and air force. Indian President is elected by the members of legislative assemblies of each state.

2. In case, a president lost his power, the next president should be elected within 6 months after losing Ex-president’s power. President should submit his resignation letter to vice president. Newly elected president should take his pledge (affidavit) in front of chief justice of Supreme Court. Rashtrapati Bhavan (President House) is the official residence of an Indian President. Mughal Garden is located inside the compound of Rashtrapati Bhavan. Edwin Lutens is the chief architect of Rashtrapati Bhavan. There are 340 rooms inside Rashtrapati Bhavan. Impeachment is the act involved for dismissing the power of President.

Presidents and their Importance:

1. Dr.S. Radhakrishnan is the only president who is considered as Philosopher. Dr Rajendra Prasad is the only president who became president consecutively for two times. Dr. Zakir Hussain is the first Muslim president of India. He is also the first president, who passed away while serving as President. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy is the least aged president of India and he is also the only president who became Lok Sabha Speaker. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy is the first president who won the election without any opposition.
2. R. Venkat Raman is the most aged President till now.
3. VV.Giri is the president who won the election for least difference of votes from runner up. He is also the first acting president of India. Pratibha Patil is the first women president of India.

Vice President:

The minimum age required for becoming Indian vice president is 35 years. The ruling period of vice president is 5 years. Vice president serves the duties of president on his absence. Vice president is elected by all the members of both Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. President is the chair person of Rajya Sabha. Newly elected vice president would take his pledge in front of president. There is no special act mentioned in Indian constitution for dismissing vice president.

Women in Lok Sabha:

1. Indira Gandhi is the Indian women who became prime minister for four times.
2. Sonia Gandhi is the first women opposition leader of Indian Parliament. She became the opposition leader for INC during 13th lok sabha assembly from 1999.
3. 49 womens elected as members during 13th lok sabha assembly (1999) and it is also the highest women contributed lok sabha assembly.
4. 19 womens elected during 6th lok sabha assembly (1977) and it is the least women contributed assembly.

Monthly Income (till 2012):

President – 1,50,000
Vice President – 1,25,000
Governor – 1,10,000
Supreme Court Chief Justice – 1,00,000
High Court Chief Justice – 90,000
Supreme Court Judge – 90,000
High Court Judge – 80,000

Final Resting Place:

Raj Ghat - Mahatma Gandhi
Chaitanya Bhumi - Ambedkar
Abay Ghat - Morarji Desai
Shaktistal - Indira Gandhi
Veer Bhumi - Rajiv Gandhi
Nigam Bodhghat - Kishan Kanth
Shantivan – Jawaharlal Nehru
Vijay Ghat – Lal Bahdur Shastri
Ekata Stal (Karma Bhumi) – KR.Narayan
Ekata Stal – Gyani Sail Singh
Kisan Ghat – Charan Singh
Samata Stal – Jag Jeevan Ram
Ekata Stal – Shankar Dayal Sharma

Presidents and their periods:

Dr Rajendra Prasad – 1950 – 1961
Dr S. Radhakrishnan – 1962 – 1967
Dr Zakir Hussain – 1967 – 1969
VV.Giri – 1969 – 1974
Fakruddin Ali Ahmed – 1974 – 1977
Neelam Sanjeev Reddy – 1977 – 1982
Gyani Sail Singh – 1982 – 1987
R. Venkita Raman – 1987 – 1992
Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma – 1992 – 1997
KR. Narayanan – 1997 – 2002
Dr. APJ. Abdul Kalam – 2002 – 2007
Pratiba Patil – 2007 – 2012
Pranab Mukherjee – 2012 – continuing

Vice Presidents and their Periods:

Dr S. Radhakrishnan – 1952 – 1967
Dr Zakir Hussain – 1962 – 1967
VV. Giri – 1967 – 1969
Gopal Swaroop Patak – 1969 – 1974
BD Jetty – 1974 – 1979
Justice Muhammad Hidayatulla – 1979 – 1984
R. Venkita Raman – 1984 – 1987
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma – 1987 – 1992
KR. Narayanan – 1992 – 1997
Krishnan Kanth – 1997 – 2002
Bairon Singh Shehavath – 2002 – 2007
Muhammad Hamid Ansari – 2007 – 2012

Acting Presidents:

VV.Giri – 3 May 1969 – 20 July 1969
Justice Muhammad Hidayatulla – 20 July 1969 – 24 August 1969 (only supreme court chief justice to handle this position)
BD.Jetty – 11 February 1977 – 25 July 1977

Period of Prime Ministers:

Jawaharlal Nehru – 1947 -1964
Gulzarilal Nanda (temporary) – 1964
Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1964 – 1966
Gulzarilal Nanda (temporary) – 1966
Indira Gandhi – 1966 – 1977
Morarji Desai – 1977 – 1979
Charan Singh – 1979 – 1980
Indira Gandhi – 1980 – 1984
Rajiv Gandhi – 1984 – 1989
VP Singh – 1989 – 1990
Chandra Sekhar – 1990 – 1991
PV.Narasimha Rao – 1991 – 1996
AB. Vajpayee – 1996
HD. Deva Gouda – 1996 – 1997
IK. Gujral – 1997 – 1998
AB. Vajpayee – 1998 – 2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh – 2004 – 2014
Narendra Modi – 2014 – continuing.

Lok Sabha Speaker:

1. Speaker is the chairperson of Lok Sabha Assembly.
2. Speaker is also the chairperson of all party organisations of parliament.
3. GMC. Balayogi is the lok sabha speaker who died on helicopter crash.
4.  Lok Sabha speaker will appoint the chairman of Parliamentary committee.
5. Mira Kumar is the first women lok sabha speaker.
6. Speaker and Deputy Speaker were elected by the lok sabha members.
7. Deputy speaker will handle the assembly matters in the absence of speaker.
8. Speaker would not lose hi position, whenever the assembly is dismissed. Speaker will continue his position till the next speaker is elected, after the first meeting of members of newly elected lok sabha assembly.
9. The position of speaker in assembly is an idea borrowed from British Politics.
10. Speaker will attest whether the bill presented in parliament is either money bill or not.

Electoral Commissioner:

1. The idea of Election for selecting members in Indian parliament is borrowed from british politics.
2. President will appoint the Electoral commissioner in India.
3. Electoral commissioner and his duties are mentioned in section 324 of Indian Constitution.
4. TN. Sheshan (born in Palakkad) is the keralite who became Indian Electoral Commissioner.
5. The official period of Electoral Commissioner is 6 years (age 65).
6. The official place of Indian Electoral commissioner is Nirvachan Sadan.
7. The act involved for dismissing Electoral Commissioner is Impeachment.
8. The only women who become Electoral commissioner of India is VS Ramadevi.
9. Central Electoral Commision came into existence in 1950 January 25.
10. January 25 is conducting as National Day.

Supreme Court of India:

1. Supreme Court is the highest justice court.
2. Warren Hestings is the governor general who worked for the progression of Supreme Court.
3. New Delhi is the place where Supreme Court is located.
4. Justice KG Balakrishnan is the first keralite to become the Supreme Court chief justice. He is the 37th chief justice of Supreme Court.
5. President will appoint the Supreme Court chief justice.
6. Supreme Court chief justice and judges would give their resignation letter to president. Also they would take their pledge in front of pledge infront of president during their appointment as judge or chief justice.
7. The age limit for Supreme Court judge to continue their service is 65.
8. Impeachment is the act involved for removing a Supreme Court judge from his position.
9. Justice V.Ramswamy is the first judge to face the impeachment act in Lok Sabha.
10. The sections from 124 to 147 in Indian Constitution mentions about the Supreme Court.
11. The civil cases on verbal fights for cashes above 20,000 would be handled by Supreme Court.
12. The sections 214 to 231 in Indian constitution mentions about High Court.
13. Guwahati High Court has the highest area to cover the cases in India. The court is handling cases from four states.
14. The cases from Andaman and Nicobar Islands were handled by Kolkata High Court.
15. The first Malayali Supreme Court Judge is P.Govinda Menon.
16. The family courts came into existence from 1986 onwards.
17. The first bar court of kerala was started in 2005 and it was in Kottarakara.
18. Currently there are 21 High courts in Kerala.
19. KT.Koshi is the first chief justice of Kerala High Court.
20. High Courts in India came into existence from 1862 onwards and it was in Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai.
21. BL.Rao, Nagendra Singh, RS Pataka are the Indians who became judges in International Justice Rights Court.
22. Justice Fathima Beevi is the first women judge of Supreme Court.
23. Leela Seth is the first high court chief justice.
24. The first women judge of India is a Malayali and her name is Anna Chandi.
25. Sujatha P.Manohar is the first women chief justice of Kerala High Court.
26. KK. Usha is the first malayali women to become justice of kerala high court.
27. The green bench court is first started in Kolkata High Court. The court will handle only environmental cases.

Opposition Leaders of India:

1. The opposition leaders of Parliament have the rank as sane as that of central cabinet ministers.
2. A political party would become a recognized opposition party in lok sabha only if they get one by tenth seat from total seats in Lok Sabha.
3. The persons who became both opposition leader and prime minister of India were Rajiv Gandhi, AB Vajpayee and PV Narasimha Rao.
4. The first recognized opposition leader of lok sabha, Dr Ram Subag Singh is the member of Society congress. He became opposition leader in 1969.
5. SN.Misra is the first recognized opposition leader of Rajya Sabha (1969 – 1971).
6. AK.Gopalan is the opposition leader of first lok sabha assembly. At that time, the opposition leader was not official.
7. SM Stephen (1978 April 12 – 1979 July) is the first malayali to become opposition leader of lok sabha.
8. YB Chawan (Congress) became opposition leader for two times in sixth lok sabha assembly.
9. Jag Jeevan Ram is also the opposition leader of sixth lok sabha assembly. He is leader of Janata Party.
10. AB.Vajpayee is the leader of BJP for 10th and 11th lok sabha Assembly. Thereby became the opposition leader for both assemblies.
11. PV.Narasimha Rao is the opposition leader from congress in 11th lok sabha assembly.
12. Sarath Pawar (congress) is the opposition leader of 12th lok sabha assembly.
13. Sardar Vallabhai Patel is the first vice prime minister of India. The position of vice prime minister not belongs to constitution.
14. Estimate committee is the biggest committee of parliament.
15. The unbelievable report against central ministry should only be presented in lok sabha.
16. The member strength of lok sabha should continue as same as now till 2026.
17. The least member strength of legislative assembly of each Indian state is 60. The legislative assembly of Sikkim, Goa and Mizoram is less than 60.
18. The maximum member strength of legislative assembly of an Indian state is 500.
The final decision for cases related to election of Indian president and vice president should be taken by Supreme Court.

First Ministry of Independent India:

Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru
Vice Prime Minister – Sardar Vallabhai Patel
Cabinet – Sardar Vallabhai Patel
Defence – Baldev Singh
Railway – Dr John Mattai
Finance – RK Shanmugham Chetty
Trade – Shyam Prasad Mukherjee
Law – BR. Ambedkar
Education – Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
Health – Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
Labour – Jag Jeevan Ram
Agriculture, Food – Dr. Rajendra Prasad

First in India:

President – Dr Rajendra Prasad
Vice President – Dr S. Radhakrishnan
Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru
Electoral Commissioner – Sukumar Sen
Controller and Auditor General – Narahari Rao
Lok Sabha Speaker – GV Mavlanger
Recognized Opposition leader of Lok Sabha – Dr. Ram Suhang Singh
Deputy Speaker of Rajya Sabha – SV.Krishna Moorthy Rao
Supreme Court chief justice – Harilal J. Kaniya

UPSC, Economic Commission:

1. Union Public Service commission otherwise called as UPSC is known as watchman of merit system.
2. The period of members of UPSC is 65 years (6 years).
3. The sections 280 and 281 of Indian constitution mentions about the Economic Commission.
4. President will appoint economic commission after an interval of each 5 years.
5. Present Economic commission is 13th and its period is from 2010 to 2015.
6. KC. Niyogi is the chairman of first Economic commission and it came into existence in 1951.
7. Vijay Kelkar is the chairman of 13th economic commission.
8. The main duty of economic commission is submitting report on sharing tax between central and state governments.
9. YV.Reddy is the chairman of 14th economic commission. He is the ex-governor of reserve bank of India.

1. The first law that mentioned the undivided India (ie, including India and Pakistan) as two nations is Indian Independence Act, 1947.

2. The President of India, when constitution was accepted is Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

3. The important constitutional section that declares the clear nature of ‘Indian Neutral to Religion’ is Preamble.

4. It was according to the 7th schedule, Union, State, Concurrent lists were included that divides the central – state government’s law development rules.

5. The act that considers the document line of constitution is the government of India act in 1935.

6. The chairman of Constitution Drafting committee is Dr.BR. Ambedkar.

7. During the constituent development period, the chairman of constituent assembly is Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

8. It was from Germany, the sections of Emergency in constitution are borrowed.

9. The 58th Amendment law of constitution mentions the period wise constitutional Amendments, which is modified. This modified English version is translated to hindi and was published by president.

10. It was in 1976, the 42nd constitutional Amendment was formed. In that Amendment, the word “socialist was added to preamble of constitution.

11. When the fundamental rights are disobeyed, one can go for Supreme Court according to Article 32. The Article 226 mentions to go for High Court on the matter on disobey of fundamental right.

12. There are 12 schedules in Indian Constitution.

13. The system of fundamental rights in India has similarities with Bill of Rights of American constitution.

14. The article that mentions the declaration of President Rule when the ruling setup of a state is failed is Article 356.

15. The case that supreme court declared that preamble is a part of constitution is Kesava Nanda Bharati Case.

16. The constitutional Amendment that made the defection abolition law is 52nd Amendment.

17. The commission that formed in 1983 for instructing whether there need any change in central state relation is sarkaria commission.

18. The law development right related to changing a state’s boundaries is included in Union list.

19. Jammu Kashmir is the only state in India, which has the right to develop a constitution of their own.

20. The law that instructs the federal set up in India before the constitution came into existence is Government of India Act in 1935.

21. Uttar Pradesh is the state which can sent more members to Rajya Sabha according to the forth schedule of constitution.

22. It was in 1989, the voting age of a citizen in India is reduced from age 21 to 18.

23. “Freedom to make wealth” is the freedom that was removed from fundamental freedoms.

24. The position according to article 14, which have reduction from “Equality infront of law” is president.

25. Not more than one, trial for single crime (Double Jeopardy) principle belongs to Article 20 of constitution.

26. Article 368 is the constitutional part that mentions the Amendment of fundamental rights.

27. It was during the declaration of President Rule, the power of writ for Supreme Court and high court is temporarily cancelled.

28. The power of Supreme Court’s writ is limited to disfollow fundamental rights.

29. The principle of writ power in Indian constitution is inspired from Pre-rogative writs, which is according to the law system of Britain.

30. It was from Ireland, the idea of Directive Principles is borrowed.

31. Article 44 instructs the conduction of unified civil code.

32. It was according to the Directive Principles, the decision of forming three tier  Panchayats in India is taken.

33. It was in Article 51A, fundamental duties are mentioned.

34. It was for Attorni General, who has the right to speak in two assemblies of Parliament, even though not a member.

35. If one was elected to both Parliament and Legislative Assembly at the same time and if he not resigned from any of from both positions, then he would lose the parliament membership.

36. Supreme Court is considered as court of Record.

37. Impeachment is the process involved in removing the judges from Supreme Court and high court.

38. Justice Ram Moorthy is the person, who faced the Impeachment process during the period, 1991 – 93. But the Impeachment report failed to remove his position.

39. Punjab and Haryana are the states which have a single High Court in general.

40. It was in High Court, Hang to death decision decided by District Session Court is checked and declared.

41. President only has the power to transfer a high court judge from one court to another.

42. Article 370 gave special position to Jammu and Kashmir.

43. Lieutenant Colonel is the substitute of President in central government ruling places.

44. Article 17 of constitution declares the abolishment of untouchable.

45. Right to Education Bill in 2008 is based on 86th constitutional Amendment. (Right to Primary Education)

46. The writ harji wanted for presenting a person who was illegally in custody (prison) is habeas corpus.

Constitution and Laws:

1. India has the biggest written constitution in the world. America has the smallest written constitution. Britain and Israel has no written constitution.
2. The Regulating Act of 1773 is the first law that was inspired from British Government in Indian Politics.
3. It was according to the Charter Act of 1883, the Governor General of Bengal was changed to Governor General of British India.
4. It was according to the Government of India Act in 1858, the position name “Governor General” is changed to “Viceroy”.
5. It was also according to the Government of India Act in 1858; India came under the rule of British Queen.
6. It was according to the Indian Councils Act in 1909; the entry of Indians to British Governor General’s Executive Council took place. These laws are considered as “Minto - Morley” rule modification.
7. The law that established the Di – Government system in provinces is, Government of India Act in 1919. (These laws are considered as “Montegu - Chemsford”, rule modification.)
8. Government of India Act in 1935 changed the Di – Government provinces to right of self government.
9. The plan that instructed the Indians to establish a self constitution is Wavell Plan (1945).
10. The law that passed by the British Parliament to transfer the Indian rule to Indians in August 15, 1947 is Indian Independence Act, 1947 (July 18).

Constituent Assembly of India:

1. The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was in 1946 December 9.
2. The president of first meeting of Constituent Assembly is Dr. Sachchidananda Sinha.
3. The permanent president elected by Constituent Assembly is Dr Rajendra Prasad.
4. Dr. BR. Ambedkar is the president of Indian constitution draft development council. (Drafting Committee)
5. It was the provincial assemblies through controlled voting that elected the members of Constituent Assembly.
6. The incident that leads to the formation of Indian Constituent Assembly is Cabinet Mission Plan in 1946 (March).
7. The British prime minister who sends the cabinet mission to India is Lord Attley.
8. B. Nagendra Rao is the person who served as advisor during the India Constitution Development Period.
9. As a Sovereign body of India, the meeting of Constituent Assembly was first conducted in 1947 August 14.
10. It was in 1949 November 26, the Constituent Assembly president signed in constitution. It was also during this day, the constitution was accepted.
11. Constitution came into existence in 1950 January 26 and this day is celebrated as Republic Day.
12. The two famous women members in Indian Constituent Assembly were Sarojini Naidu and Hansa Metha.
13. The famous congress party leaders as members in Indian Constituent Assembly were Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Rajendra Prasad, KM Munshi, C. Rajagopalachari, Abdul Kalam Azad.
14. The members of Indian Constituent Assembly, who were famous advocates, were TT. Krishnamachari, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer and Gopala Swamy Iyengar.
15. The preamble of Indian constitution was written by Jawaharlal Nehru.
16. Nehru called “Preamble” as the “Soul of Indian Constitution”.
17. Ambedkar called “Article 32” as the heart of Indian Constitution. (Right of Judgment from Constitution).
18. The preface of Indian constitution starts with the tagline “We, the people of India”.
19. According to the preface of constitution, the constitutional position of India is socialist neutral to religion democratic Republic.
20. When the Indian Constitution came into existence in 1950 January 26, Only the 395th section, 8th table and 22nd parts were included.

Fundamental Rights of India:

1. Constitution Promises six fundamental rights to citizens. They are Right to equality, Right to freedom, Right against exploitation, Right to freedom of Religion, Right to culture and Education, Right to establishing fundamental rights through court.
2. The part of constitution that mentions about fundamental rights is Part III.
3. The Sculptor of fundamental rights is Sardar Vallabhai Patel.
4. It was according to 44th Amendment of 1978, mention of right of wealth is removed from the table of fundamental rights.
5. According to the 86th constitutional amendment of 2002, Education is included in fundamental rights. It is mentioned in constitution as 21 A.
6. The part III of constitution, which includes fundamental rights is known in the name of Magna Carta of India,which is the base and soul of constitution.
7. The president has the right to abolish the fundamental rights of citizen. (during president rule)
8. The fundamental rights of 20th and 21st section, should be obeyed even it is president rule.
9. It was according to 15th section, division based on Religion, Ancestry, Caste and sex were removed.
10. The 16th section promises occasional equality.
11. The 17th section of constitution bans untouchability.
12. Right to Live is known as the basement of Part III. (21st section) of constitution.
13. Ambedkar mentioned 32nd constitution section as the soul and heart of constitution and also fundamental among fundamental rights.

Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties:

1. Forth part of constitution includes Directive Principles. (36 to 51st sections).
2. The idea of directive principle is inspired from Irish constitution.
3. In order to raise the country as a welfare state, Directive Principles are written.
4. According to 37th section, Directive Principles are Non justice able. That is, no court has the right to conduct it.
5. Some of the points included in the directive philosophy is same salary for men and women for same employment, to protect the teenagers and youths from discrimination and protect them from falling in bad habits, formation of grama panchayats (40th section), develop a uniform civil code (44th section) for all the country, wildlife protection and surrounding protection (48A section). These are included in Directive philosophy.
6. According to the 42nd constitutional Amendment of 1976, the new part (IV A), which has “Fundamental Duties” were included in constitution (Article 51A).
7. It was from earlier Soviet Union, the idea of fundamental duties was borrowed for Indian constitution.
8. To respect National Flag and Song, to give value and maintain our culture and ancestry etc were included in fundamental duties.
9. Currently there are 11 fundamental duties in constitution.

Constitutional Amendments of India:

1. Amendments were mentioned in the 368th section of constitution.
2. First constitutional Amendment (1951) rewritten the sections, 15, 19, 31, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372, and 376. Ninth table is also included in constitution.
3. According to 14th Amendment, earlier French colonies separated from India is named to Pondicherry and merged with India.
4. The 42th Amendment of 1976 is called as “Mini Constitution”. (According to this Amendment, the words neutral to religion and socialism were included to preface of constitution.)
5. The preface of Indian constitution is reformed for only one time.
6. It was during the period of Morarji Desai of Janata Party as Prime Minister in 1978, the right of wealth was removed from Fundamental Rights.
7. It was according to 52nd constitutional Amendment (1985), the defection removal law is sanctioned.
8. It was according to 61st constitutional Amendment in 1989, the voting age is changed to 21 from 18.
9. The 73rd constitutional Amendment (1993) is related to Panchayat Raj governing system.
10. It was according to 84th Amendment in 2000 November 1, 9, 15, the states – Chattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand were consecutively come into existence.
11. Education is considered as fundamental right according to 86th Amendment in 2002.
12. A special commission is formed for scheduled tribes according to 89th Amendment in 2003.
13. It was according to the 92nd Amendment in 2003, Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Maithali languages were added. (It was based on 100th Constitutional Amendment bill).
14. Currently 22 languages were accepted by Constitution.

Borrowed features of Indian Constitution:

1. Fundamental Rights, Supreme Court and preface were the ideas borrowed from American constitution...
2. Parliamentary Democracy (Election), Single citizen were the ideas borrowed from Britain.
3. The ideas borrowed from Canada are Federal system, Union state list.
4. The idea borrowed from Ireland is Directive Principles.
5. The idea borrowed from Australia is concurrent list.
6. The idea borrowed from South Africa is constitutional Amendment.
7. The idea borrowed from Germany is The Emergency (President Rule).

Writs of Indian Constitution:

1. It was according to 36th section of constitution, Supreme Court, High Court etc were released as writs.
2. The writ which has the meaning “You may have the body”, is Habeas Corpus.
3. Supreme courts and High courts only have the power to release Habeas Corpus.
4. The term “Habeas Corpus” means “the release of one who is in custody (prison) without any lawful reason”.
5. The writ which has the meaning “We command” is Mandamus.
6. The judicial writ issued by Supreme court/ High court as a command to an inferior court or ordering a person to perform a public or statutory duty is ‘Mandamus’.
7. Prohibition is the writ released when a lower court crosses its boundary and performs against the normal Judgment and Law.
8. The Writ released for transferring a case from lower court to higher court is Certiorari.
9. The writ to check whether one got an employment without any qualification is Quo Warranto.

Human Rights:

1. It was the “Magna Carta“ in 1215, which is considered as the primary human rights. The ruler who signed in Magna Carta is King John of England.
2. It was in 1948 December 10, United Nations accepted the all nations Human Rights Declaration. Afterwards, December 10 is celebrated as Human Rights Day.

Commissions in India:

1. It was in 1993 september 28, National Human Rights Commision came into existence. Ranganath Misra is the first chairman.
2. Justice KG. Balakrishna is the first keralite to join the National Human Rights Commission.
3. The chairman of National Human Rights Commission should be earlier held the position of chief justice in Supreme Court. Indian president would appoint the chairman.
4. Kerala State Human Rights Commision was came into existence in 1998 December 11. Justice MM. Pareed Pillay is the first chairman.
5. State Humans Rights commission chairman should be earlier held the position of High Court Chief Justice. Governor would appoint the chairman.
6. Information Rights Law came into existence in 2005 October 12.
7. National Women Commission came into existence in 1992 January 31. Jayanti Patnaik is the first chairperson.
8. State Women commission came into existence in 1996 March 14. Sugathakumari is the first Chair Person.

1. The first woman governor of India is Sarojini Naidu. Sucheta Kriplani (Uttar Pradesh) is the first woman chief minister. Shano Devi is the first woman legislative assembly speaker. Indira Gandhi is the first woman prime minister of India.

2. Fathima Beevi is the first woman judge of Supreme Court. Leela Seth is the first woman high court chief justice.

3. Sujata Manohar is the first woman chief justice of Kerala High Court.

4. KK Usha is the first malayalee woman chief justice of High Court.

5. Anna Chandi is the first woman high court judge of India. Omana Kunjamma is the first woman magistrate of India. Cornelia Sorabji is the first woman advocate of India.

6. Jyothi Venkitachalam is the first woman governor of Kerala. Ram Dulari Sinha is the second woman governor. Fathima Beevi is the first malayalee woman state governor.

7. Vijayalakshmi Pandit is the first woman minister of India. Rajkumari Amritkaur is the first woman central minister. KR Gowri Amma is the first woman minister of Kerala. Vijayalakshmi Pandit is the first woman leader of world.

8. Razia Sultana (1236 - 1240) is the first woman who succeeded to the throne of Delhi.

9. Arati Saha is the first indian woman who crossed (swim) the English channel.

10. VS Rama Devi is the first women election commisioner of India. Sushila Nayyar is the first woman deputy speaker.

11. Kamaljit Sandhu is the first indian woman who obtained Asiad Gold Medal. Karnam Malleswari is the first indian woman who got olympic medal.

12. Mira Kumar is the first woman speaker of Lok Sabha. Violet Alva is the first woman who became deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha.

13. Kiran Bedi is the first woman IPS in India. Anna Malhotra is the first woman IAS in India.

14. Vijayalakshmi Pandit is the first woman who was elected as president of UN General Assembly.

15. Mother Teresa is the first indian woman to receive Nobel Prize. Indira Gandhi is the first woman to receive Bharat Ratna.

16. Arundhati Roy is the first indian woman to receive Booker Prize.

17. Kalpana Chawla is the first indian racial woman who went to space. Sunitha Williams is the second woman.

18. Jhansi James is the first woman vice chancellor of a university in Kerala (Mahatma Gandhi University).

19. Reita Faria is the first indian lady to get the Miss World. Susmita Sen is the first indian lady to get Miss Universe.

20. Zeenath Aman (1970) is the first indian woman to become Miss Asia Pacific.

21. Pramila Esther Abraham (1947) is the first Miss India.

22. Padma Ramachandran is the first woman chief secretary of Kerala.

23. R Sreelekha is the first woman IPS officer of Kerala.

24. KO Aisha bai is the first woman legislative assembly deputy speaker of Kerala.

25. Nirupama Rao is the first woman foreign affairs person of India. She is also the first Indian woman to become Chinese ambassador.

26. Annie Besant is the first foreign woman to appear in the postal stamp of independent India.

27. Karnam Malleswari is the first woman to receive Khelratna Award.

28. Bethel College (Kolkata) is the first woman college of India.

29. Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Indian Women University is the first women university and it was in Pune.

30. It was in New zealand, Right to Vote for women was first given. The parliament of Rwanda is the most women contributed.

31. The first Dada Saheb Phalke Award was received for a woman it is for Devika Rani Roerich (1969). Rubi Mayors is the second woman to receive Phalke Award.

32. Asha Poorna Devi (1976) is the first woman to receive the Jnanapeeta Award. Amrita Preetam is the second woman.

33. The first indian woman to receive ‘Ramon Magsaysay Award’ is Mother Teresa (1962).

34. Maria Estela Peron (Argentina) is the first woman president of a country in world.

35. Sirimavo Bandaranaike (Sri Lanka) is the first woman prime minister of a country in world.

36. Arati Pradhan is the first woman of world to swim across the Gibraltar Strait.

37. Mary Curie is the first woman to receive Nobel Prize.

38. Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan) is the first woman muslim prime minister.

39. Anausha Ansari is the first woman space tourister.

40. Margaret Thatcher is called as ‘Iron Woman’.

41. Nancy Pelosi is the first woman speaker of American Congress.

42. Chokila Iyer is the first woman foreign secretary of India. Nargis Dutt received the first best actress award of nation.

43. Amrita Preetam is the first woman to receive the kendra sahitya acadamy award.

44. Madame Bhikaji Cama is the first woman who raised the Indian Flag in Aboard.

45. Durgabai Deshmukh is the first woman member of Planning Commision of India.

46. It was Gandhiji, who give the name ‘Indian Cuckoo’ to Sarojini Naidu.

47. ‘Manikarnika’ is the original name of Jhansi Rani. Margaret Nobel is the original name of Swamy Vivekananda’s student, Sister Nivedita.

48. Madeleine Slade is the original name of Gandhiji’s student ‘Mirabehn’.

49. It was Mirabehn, who is called as ‘Indian Lady’.

50. Samios Elini is the original name of Sarala Ben, who was another student of Gandhiji.

51. The first woman captain of Indian National Army under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose is Lakshmi.

52. Captain Lakshmi contested against the APG Abdul Kalam in the election of Indian President in 2002.

53. The Indian woman who was selected as police advisor of United Nations Assembly is Kiran Bedi.

54. Koneru Humpy is the first indian women to get the Grant Master position in Chess.

55. The first woman to get the Nobel Prize is Bertha Suttner from Berthaon of Austria-Hungary (1905).

56. The swedish woman ‘Selma lagerlof’ is the first woman to get the Nobel Prize for literature.

57. Mother Teresa is the first asian woman to get Nobel Prize.

58. Wangari Maathai is the first African woman to get Nobel Prize.

1. It was Subash Chandra Bose, who mentioned Gandhiji as ‘Father of Nation’. Rabindranath Tagore called Gandhji as ‘Mahatma’.

2. Sree Buddha is called as ‘Light of Asia’. Edwin Arnold called so.

3. It was the popular minister of Chandragupta’s court, Vishnugupta who was popularly known in the names of Kautilya and Chanakya. He is called as ‘Indian Machiavelli’.

4. Gupta Emperor ‘Samudra Gupta’ is called as ‘Indian Napolean’. Vincent A Smith called so.

5. The Gupta king, Chandragupta II was popular in the names of Vikramaditya and Shakari.

6. Kushana king, ‘Kanishka’ was called as ‘Second Asoka’.

7. Amoghavarsha is called as ‘Asoka of South India’. It was Varaguna, who is called as ‘Asoka of Kerala’.

8. Emperor Asoka has the nickname ‘Constantine of Buddha Religion’.

9. Kalidasa is called as ‘Indian Shakespeare’.

10. Alauddin Khilji is the ruler, who was considered himself as ‘Second Alexander’.

11. The other name of Asoka is ‘Devanam Priyadarshi’. ‘Kaviraja’ is Samudra Gupta.

12. ‘Shiladityan’ is Harshavardhana. ‘Prachanna Buddha’ is Shankaracharya.

13. Amir Khusro is the poet called as ‘Father of Urdu Literature’.

14. It was for Urdu language, has the sayings ‘language of camps and army houses’ and ‘koh - i -noor of India’.

15. CF Andrews is called as ‘Dinabandhu’ and CR Das is called as ‘Desbandhu’.

16. It was Rajendra Chola, who was called as ‘Gangaikonda Cholan’. Thirukural is called as ‘Bible of Tamil’.

17. It was Firdausi, who was called as ‘Persian Homer’. It was the slave dynasty king, Qutab I bak, who was called as ‘Lakh Baksh’(giver of lakhs). Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is popularly called as ‘the cleverest fool’.

18. Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara Empire is called as ‘Abhinava Bhojan’. Swathi Thirunal is called as ‘Dakshin Bhojan’. He is also called as ‘Garbha Sreeman’.

19. The position name ‘Chatrapati’ was accepted by the Marata ruler, Shivaji.

20. Babur is called as ‘Adventurous Mughal King’. Akbar is called as ‘Uneducational Mughal King’. Shah Jahan is called as ‘Prince of Palaces’.

21. Raja Ram Mohan Roy is called as the ‘Father of Indian Renaissance’.

22. General Dalhousie is the british governor, who was called as ‘Sculptor of India’. Jawaharlal Nehru is called as ‘Modern Sculptor of India’.

23. It was Mahatma Gandhi, who called Subhash Chandra Bose as ‘Netaji’. It was also Gandhiji, who mentioned Rabindanath Tagore as ‘Gurudev’. Gandhiji reffered Subash Chandra Bose as ‘Prince of Patriots’.

24. It was Gopala Krishna Gokhule, who was called as ‘Political leader of Gandhiji’. CR Das was the political teacher of Subhash Chandra Bose.

25. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was called as ‘Father of Indian Unrest’. He is also called as ‘Lokmanya’.

26. Madam Bhikaji Cama is called as ‘Mother of Indian Revolution in Aboard’.

27. Sarojini Naidu is called as ‘Nightingale of India’. Aruna Asif Ali is ‘Heroine of Quit India Movement’.

28. EP Ramswamy Naicker was popular in the name of ‘Periyor’. S Satyamoorti is called as ‘Light carrier of South India’.

29. Dadabhai Navaroji is ‘Old Man of India’

30. Jawaharlal Nehru is called as ‘Chachaji’. Indhira Gandhi is called as ‘Priyadarshini’. Lal Bahdur Shastri is ‘Man of Peace’. Sardar Vallabhai Patel is ‘Iron Man of India’.

31. It was Sree Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, who is called as ‘Holyman of Dakshineswar’. Vinoba Bhave is ‘Monk of Pamnaur’.

32. C Rajagopalachari is called as the ‘Soulkeeper of Mahatma Gandhi’.

33. Khan Abdul Gaffer Khan is called as ‘Border Gandhi’. ‘Kerala Gandhi’ is K Kelappan. C Krishnan Nair is ‘Delhi Gandhi’.

34. Martin Luther King (Junior) is called as ‘American Gandhi’. Dr Rajendra Prasad is called as ‘Bihar Gandhi’. IK Kumaran Master is called as ‘Mayyazhi Gandhi’. Baba Amte is ‘Modern Gandhi’. AT Ariyaratne is ‘Sri Lankan Gandhi’.

35. Gopalakrishna Gokhule is called as ‘Socrates of Maharashtra’.

36. Aruna Asif Ali is ‘Heroine of Quit India Movement’.

37. AK Gopalan is ‘leader of Poors’.

38. Swamy Dayananda Saraswathi is mentioned as ‘Grandfather of Indian Nation’.